Exploring the Antibacterial Activity of Oils Extracted from Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa and Breem) Seeds Against Multidrug Resistance Bacterial Isolates
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Abstract
Medicinal herbs have historically been used to treat infections, and current research focuses on isolating active plant compounds because of increasing antibiotic resistance and side effects. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of polyphenol-depleted oil and polyphenol-rich extracts obtained from the seeds of two Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) varieties, Ajwa and Breem. We tested their activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that most isolates (96%) were resistant to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (58%). Notably, resistance to critical last-line antibiotics such as imipenem was 10%; colistin, amikacin and moxifloxacin were 8%; and tigecycline was 4%, indicating that resistance remained relatively limited. Antibacterial efficacy of extracted oils of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) varieties Ajwa and Breem seeds was assessed using both the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and well diffusion assay. MIC results indicated strong inhibitory potential, ranging from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The well diffusion assay exhibited weaker activity, with inhibition zones reaching up to 13 mm. These results highlight the potential of date seed oil and its polyphenolic components as antimicrobial agents. The study shows that Phoenix dactylifera extracts have promising antimicrobial effects against MDR bacteria. To improve effectiveness, delivery methods such as nanoemulsions or carriers may be needed to enhance the oil’s dispersion and bioavailability.
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